Category D: Between 141 knots and 165 knots.Ĭategory E is only assigned to certain Military Aircraft.For example, an aircraft which falls in Category A, but is circling to land at a speed of 115 knots, should use the approach Category B minimums when circling to land. However, if it is necessary to maneuver at speeds in excess of the upper limit of a speed range for a category, the minimums for the next higher category should be used. For further information on that subject, see the SKYbrary article Circling Approach - difference between ICAO PANS-OPS and US TERPS.Īccording to TERPS criteria, an aircraft shall normally fit into only one category. However, approach procedures designed under TERPS do not consider the same circling speeds, and the corresponding protected airspace requirements, as do ICAO PANS-OPS approaches designed under the criteria above. The FAA system, TERPS, has identical speed ranges for the threshold speeds for each of the five categories. Maximum speeds for intermediate missed approach Range of speeds for initial approach (and reversal and racetrack procedures) These speed ranges have been considered by the PANS-OPS approach designer when calculating airspace and obstacle clearance requirements for each segment of the procedure. The following ICAO table indicates the specified Indicated Airspeed speed range, in knots, for each category of aircraft to be utilised when conducting the maneuver or approach phase specified.
The landing configuration that is to be taken into consideration can be defined by either the operator or by the aeroplane manufacturer but is most commonly assigned by the manufacturer. This speed is defined to be equal to the greater of stall speed (Vso) multiplied by 1.3, or stall speed (Vs1g) multiplied by 1.23. The criterion taken into consideration for the assignment of an aircraft to a specific category is the indicated airspeed at the runway threshold (VAT) whilst in the normal landing configuration at the maximum certified landing mass. This paper has presented a simple yet comprehensive understanding of networking through a novel definitionhigh-speediness, denoted by the symbol ‘ s ’, which reflects the high-speed nature of networks, two fundamental observations that underlie every network design, and the identification of the fundamental attributes of. An aircraft type or variant thereof is normally assigned to a specific category. These categories provide a standardised basis for relating aircraft manoeuvrability and airspace requirements to specific instrument approach procedures. The most significant performance factor is the aircraft speed.Īccordingly, a number of categories, each with a specified speed range, have been established. DescriptionĪircraft performance has a direct effect on the airspace and visibility required for the various manoeuvres associated with the conduct of an instrument approach procedure. Fixed wing aircraft are assigned to one of five categories. Approach Speed Categorisation is system for differentiating aircraft based on the speed at which the aircraft is flown during the approach phase of flight.
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